BUDDHA IS ALSO A EUROPEAN SAINT

THE DHAMMA TIMES (6 July 2005)

Buddha is also a European saint
The ancient tale of Gautama Siddhartha, the founder of Buddhism, spread from his homeland to Europe, where he became a Christian saint with the name of "Iosaphat."
That’s the conclusion of a group of Korean researchers who have conducted a multi-linguistic study of the westward spread of the story of the Buddha.
"It is apparent that the name Iosaphat originates from Buddha," Paik Seung-wook, a lecturer of Spanish at Seoul National University said.
According to Paik, while the Buddha’s tale spread westbound, his name "Buddha" or "Bodhisatta" in Sanskrit, changed gradually in accordance with various linguistic backgrounds with similar accounts of the tale.
For example, it changed to "Bodisav" in Persian texts in the sixth or seventh century, "Budhasaf or Yudasaf" in an eighth-century Arabic document and "Iodasaph" in Georgia in the 10th century.
The name in turn was adapted to "Ioasaph" in Greece in the 11th century, and "Iosaphat" or "Josaphat" in Latin since then.
"The gradual change of the name shows the westward spread of the tale from Nepal (where the Buddha was born) to Persia, the Middle East, Greece and Europe," Paik said.
Paik is a member of a project research team undertaking a study of the literary interchange between the East and the West. The Korean Research Foundation is sponsoring the study, and the study results were published in the June-July edition of the bimonthly "Antiquus."
As it spread, the tale adapted different versions according to various religious backdrops. In the Greek account, a hero Ioasaph, a prince in India, one day witnessed blind, sick and old people on the streets outside of the palace. The scenes shocked the innocent prince and led him to contemplate the agony and emptiness of life. One day, a Christian monk named Barlaam visited the anguished prince and taught him the religion. Enlightened, Ioasaph abandoned his secular values and led an ascetic life until his death. This account has a striking similarity to that of the Buddha’s tale.
In Europe, the story spread to most regions, especially since the 11th century, and the tale’s hero has been acclaimed as the champion of Christianity, not Buddhism.
"There are slight differences in accounts in different texts. For example, in an Arabic account, the prince married a woman, but in a Greek text, he overcomes temptation from female figures," Paik said.
According to Paik, there have been previous studies in Britain and Germany on the cultural transmission of Buddha’s tale to Europe, but he said this study is the first time scholars approached the subject in a comprehensive and multi-linguistic way.
"The research covered eight languages: Sanskrit, Georgian, Arab, Turkish, Persian, Greek, Latin and Spanish. Our team studied the original text in six languages, and the other two in English," Paik said. [KOREA TIMES]
==========Tibetans countdown to Dalai Lama's birthday today - A sea of prayer flags called wind horses cover the slopes of this Himalayan town where Buddhist faithful are preparing to celebrate the 70th birthday of the exiled Dalai Lama, hoping he may live long enough to finally return home. "We have hoisted hundreds of wind horses as this is no ordinary birthday," Tibetan Women's Association president B. Thering said of the pennants which Buddhists believe offer longevity. "We have a huge number of these flags and they're being hoisted as we celebrate his birthday the whole year," she said as other Tibetans festooned nearby hills with more pennants. Thousands of the Tibetan diaspora and supporters from around the world are set to gather in the seat of the Dalai Lama's government-in-exile on his birthday Wednesday in an event tinged with hope that he can one day return home to the land he fled almost fifty years ago after an uprising against Chinese rule was crushed. [AFP VIA YAHOO! NEWS]
Buddhists flee Southern Thailand - Thousands of Buddhist teachers and residents are fleeing Thailand's Muslim south as 19 months of anti-government violence shows no sign of slackening, officials said on Tuesday. Another 2,000 teachers were expected to move to safer provinces after at least two dozen of their colleagues were among nearly 800 people killed by militants since violence erupted in the largely Malay-speaking region in January last year, they said. [REUTERS]Buddhist temple vandalized - Fireworks were used to vandalize a Buddhist Temple in South Nashville.Several explosive devices were thrown through the windows of the Temple overnight. One exploded near the altar. Police have notified the FBI and they're investigating the case as a possible hate crime. The monks say some local kids are probably to blame. The kids have caused problems before. The monks say they need help from police to keep the peace. [NEWSCHANNEL5.COM]==========ALSO IN THE NEWS:[KOREA TIMES] Wooden Buddha statue Found to Be Korea's Oldest[XINHUA] Zen offers philosophy of life